We are often told by Christians that it’s insufficient to establish the Qur'ān’s divine origin by merely saying it couldn’t have originated from Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. However, did you know early Christian scholarship used the same methodology to establish the divine origin of

𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗔𝗿𝗴𝘂𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗪𝗮𝘀 𝗡𝗼𝘁 𝗔 𝗛𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸: Church Father John Chrysostom (d. 407 AD) In his second Homily on the Gospel of John introduces the author of the fourth Gospel in the following way:

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗘𝘅𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗤𝘂𝗼𝘁𝗲 𝗔𝗯𝗼𝘃𝗲: 1. Coming from a barbarous land 2. Not occupying a high social status 3. Being poor 4. Being unlettered 5. Lacking worldly education 6. Not being

𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗔𝗿𝗴𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗗𝗼𝗲𝘀𝗻’𝘁 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻’𝘀 𝗚𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗹: Most scholars today believe the Gospel of “John” is in fact anonymous and does not go back to the same person those later theologians purport it goes back to. Prof.

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗤𝘂𝗿'𝗮𝗻 𝗗𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝗡𝗼𝘁 𝗛𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗻𝗼𝗻𝘆𝗺𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗺: 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗹𝗶𝗺 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲: Abū Bakr al-Bāqillānī (d. 403 AH) writes:

𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲: Christians who lived within the first centuries of Islam unanimously attributed the Qur'ān back to Muḥammad ﷺ and not to any other anonymous author. To name a few:

𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗺 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲: Western academics believe the Qur'ān as it is today is the best representation of what the historical Muḥammad ﷺ said and did in the environment he emerged from. Prof. Sean Anthony writes:

𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗤𝘂𝗿'𝗮𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻: 1. 𝗠𝘂𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗱 ﷺ 𝗼𝗻𝗹𝘆 𝗸𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗔𝗿𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗰 𝘄𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗸𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗸

The Prophet ﷺ is also only reported to have gone on two short trips his entire life prior to the revelation per the Sīra [biographical] literature. Once when he was a child and another when he was an adult. So no opportunity to learn another language. Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728 AH)

Additionally, the Prophet ﷺ instructed one of his companions to learn Hebrew to start writing letters for him which indicates that he himself did not know the language and neither did any other companion. Zayd b. Thābit Narrated:

2. 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗸 𝗵𝗮𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝗰𝗵 𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹, 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲. 𝗔𝗿𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗰 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗱𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗶𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝘀𝘂𝗰𝗵 𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗜𝘀𝗹𝗮𝗺. Plato, Aristotle,

3. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗵𝗮𝗱 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗹𝗱 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲. 𝗠𝘂𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗱 ﷺ 𝗱𝗶𝗱 𝗻𝗼𝘁. Abū Hurayra Narrated:

4. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗤𝘂𝗿'𝗮𝗻 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗹𝗲𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗱 ﷺ 𝗱𝗶𝗱 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗱𝗼𝗲𝘀 𝗻𝗼𝘁. The Qur'ān has a lot of puns and word-plays which require knowledge

Deuteronomy 5:27 on the other hand has the Jews say:

Thus, the Qur'ān altered the translation of what the Jews outwardly said in Hebrew to make it conform to the disobedience they had actually intended in their hearts and later had fallen into down the line.

5. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 (𝗻𝗮𝘇𝗺) 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗤𝘂𝗿'𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗲𝗹𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗴𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗲𝘂. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗶𝘀 𝘂𝗻𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹. al-Qāḍī Abū Ya‘lā (d. 458 AH)

6. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗤𝘂𝗿'𝗮𝗻 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗲 𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘁𝘀. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗻 𝗱𝗶𝗱 𝗻𝗼𝘁. The Qur'ān prophesied the conversion of the Persians to Islam. Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728 AH) writes:

7. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗤𝘂𝗿'𝗮𝗻 𝗲𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘂𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗹𝗱 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗱𝗼 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗻 Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728 AH) writes:

We bring a close to this thread with a quote from Ibn Rushd (d. 595 AH):

@OneofYoda متعة ! جزاك الله خيراً.

@abduallah_amin واياك. الحمدلله.

@OneofYoda Maybe I'm blind but I don't see any thread akhi barakallahu feek

@OneofYoda Amazing thread. Although, the Christian may simply disavow early Christian scholarship on this matter and say they were too lenient with their criteria. But if one is to make such an argument, the Quran is indeed a vastly better candidate.

@alUkbari This is Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taking care of the ummah of his brother Sayidna Issa Ibn Maryam alayhi salam. This letter confirms it had the utmost importance for him

@OneofYoda @rattibha

@alUkbari Divine simplicity & the Nicene doctrine of the Trinity are just... well... absolutely incompatible (~to say the very least~).