Muhammad ibn Abdullah was born in Mecca during the "Year of the Elephant" (approximately 570 CE). He was from the Quraysh tribe and his lineage traced back to Adnan.

His father Abdullah died before his birth, and his mother Aminah died when he was six. He was raised first by his grandfather Abdul Muttalib, then by his uncle Abu Talib.

Before prophethood, Muhammad was known for his honesty and integrity. His people called him "Al-Amin" (The Trustworthy). He worked as a shepherd and later as a merchant.

At age 25, he married Khadijah, a wealthy lady. This marriage lasted until her death, and was characterized by respect and devotion.

Muhammad received his first revelation at age 40. He preached in Mecca for 13 years before migrating (Hijrah) to Medina, where he established the first Muslim state.

The Islamic calendar begins with this migration. Muhammad spent 10 years in Medina until his death in the 11th year of Hijrah (632 CE).

Muhammad led numerous military campaigns, including the battles of Badr, Uhud, Khandaq (the Trench), Banu Qurayza, Banu al-Mustaliq, Khaybar, and Ta'if.

He performed one Hajj (pilgrimage) and four Umrahs (lesser pilgrimages). His Hajj is known as the "Farewell Pilgrimage" and took place in the 10th year of Hijrah.

Muhammad had seven children: three sons (Qasim, Abdullah, and Ibrahim) and four daughters (Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatima). Only Fatima outlived him.

He had many wives after Khadijah's death, including Aisha, Sawda, Hafsa, Umm Salamah, Zaynab bint Jahsh, Umm Habibah, Juwayriyah, Safiyyah, Zaynab bint Khuzaymah and Maymunah. See a thread on them here:

Physical description: Muhammad was of medium height, with slightly wavy hair and a beard. He had a luminous complexion compared to "the moon on a full-moon night."

He was known for his gentle manner, compassion, generosity, and humility. Despite his status, he mended his own clothes, served his family, and lived simply.

Muhammad received numerous revelations that were compiled into the Quran. It is his greatest miracle - an inimitable divine text.

Other reported miracles include: splitting of the moon, water flowing from his fingers, multiplication of food, trees greeting him, and stones speaking to him.

Muhammad died on Monday, the 12th of Rabi al-Awwal in the 11th year after Hijrah, at age 63. He was buried where he died, in Aisha's house in Medina.